Development of a Burn-Healing Herbal Cream: Exploring the Biological Potentials of Neurada procumbens

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Neurada procumbens L. (collected from El Oued region, Algeria) in burn healing and the mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Two extracts, aqueous (AENP) and methanolic (MENP), were prepared. LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis revealed their richness in phenolic and bioactive compounds (such as curcumin, oleuropein, and myricetin). The aqueous extract was characterized by a higher yield, stronger antioxidant activity, and better photoprotective capacity (SPF), while both extracts demonstrated hemolytic safety and excellent biocompatibility. Topical ointments were formulated and evaluated in vivo on rats with second-degree burns. The AENP-based ointment exhibited remarkable superiority in wound healing, achieving a contraction rate of 98.3% within 19 days, outperforming the commercial MEBO ointment. These results were accompanied by a significant improvement in hematological and histopathological parameters, alongside a reduction in oxidative stress. To mechanistically elucidate this efficacy, molecular docking analysis proved that the plant's active compounds act as potent inhibitors of the inflammation-related protein (NF-κB). These findings confirm the promising pharmaceutical and cosmetic potential of the plant as a natural burn healer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent, thereby valorizing and supporting its traditional medicinal uses.