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We are pleased to welcome you to DSpace, the official digital library of El Oued University. Our platform is designed to preserve, manage, and provide access to the academic and scientific resources produced by the university’s faculty and students. It offers rich and regularly updated content, including:

Graduation theses and final year projects from various disciplines.

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COURS DE CHIMIE THÉRAPEUTIQUE
(Université of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2026-05-11) Debach, Hanan
La chimie thérapeutique étudie la façon dont la structure des molécules influence leur activité biologique et leurs effets thérapeutiques. Elle s’appuie sur la pharmacodynamie, la pharmacocinétique, la toxicologie et d’autres disciplines permettant de comprendre comment un médicament agit, circule et s’élimine dans l’organisme. Un médicament est composé d’un principe actif et d’excipients, et peut provenir de sources naturelles, synthétiques ou biotechnologiques. Il existe sous différentes formes (comprimés, solutions, pommades, …) et peut être administré par plusieurs voies. Son action repose sur l’interaction avec des cibles comme des récepteurs ou des enzymes. La relation structure–activité explique comment une modification chimique peut augmenter l’efficacité ou réduire la toxicité d’un médicament. Le pharmacophore représente la partie indispensable de la molécule, tandis que la bio-isostérie permet d’en améliorer les propriétés. Le cours présente aussi les grandes familles thérapeutiques : médicaments du système nerveux, antiacides et inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons, anti-inflammatoires non-stéroïdiens, antidiabétiques oraux, antihypertenseurs, antibiotiques, vitamines et médicaments issus du milieu naturel. Enfin, il décrit le processus de développement d’un médicament, depuis la découverte d’une molécule active jusqu’aux essais cliniques menant à son autorisation. تدرس الكيمياء العلاجية )الكيمياء الدوائية( الكيفية التي تؤثر بها بنية الجزيئات على نشاطها البيولوجي وتأثيراتها العلاجية. تعتمد هذه العلوم على الديناميكا الدوائية، و الحركية الدوائية، و علم السموم، إضافة إلى تخصصات أخرى تساهم في فهم آلية عمل الدواء و انتشاره واستقلابه و التخلص منه في الجسم. يتكون الدواء من مادة فعالة )الأصل الدوائي( و مواد مساعدة )السواغات(. يمكن أن يكون مصدره طبيعيًا أو شبه اصطناعي أو اصطناعيًا بالكامل، أو ناتجًا عن التقنيات الحيوية )البيوتكنولوجيا(. و يتوفر الدواء في أشكال صيدلانية متنوعة )أقراص، كبسولات، محاليل، مراهم، حقن، ... إلخ(، و يُعطى بطرق إدارة مختلفة )فموي، وريدي، عضلي، موضعي، ... إلخ(. يعتمد تأثيره على تفاعله مع أهداف بيولوجية محددة مثل المستقبلات أو الإنزيمات أو القنوات الأيونية أو الحمض النووي الريبوزي منقوص الأكسج ي .)ADN( كيف يمكن للتعديل الكيميائي أن يحسن الفعالية العلاجية أو يقلل السمية أو يحسن (RSA) توضح العلاقة بي البنية و النشاط الجزء الأساسي و الضروري من الجزيء الذي يرتبط بالهدف (le pharmacophore) الخصائص الصيدلانية للجزيء. و يمثل أداة هامة لتحسي الخصائص الدوائية دون فقدان النشاط. (le bio-isostérisme) البيولوجي، بينما تُعد الإيزوستيريا الحيوية يعرض المقرر أهم العائلات العلاجية مثل : أدوية الجهاز العصبي المركزي، مضادات الحموضة و مثبطات مضخة البروتو ن، مضادات الالتهاب غير الستيرويدية، مضادات السكري الفموية، خافضات ضغط الدم، المضادات الحيوية، الفيتامينات و الأدوية المستخلصة من المصادر الطبيعية. و أخيرًا، يصف المقرر مراحل تطوير الدواء، ابتداءً من اكتشاف جزيء فعّال وصولًا إلى التجارب السريرية التي تؤدي إلى الترخيص باستعماله. الكلمات المفتا حية : الكيمياء العلاجية، الديناميكا الدوائية، الحركية الدوائية، العلاقة بي البنية و النشاط، الفارماكوفور، الدواء، المادة الفعالة، المستقبلات، الإنزيمات، العائلات العلاجية.
Reordering The Global Monetary Hierarchy In The Aftermath Of The Russia ukraine War
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2025-12-31) Belmihoub ,Isma
This paper develops an analytical framework to examine recent shifts in the global monetary hierarchy. It focuses on how the Russia–Ukraine war (2022) has influenced the relative importance of core currencies in shaping the exchange rates of peripheral currencies. Using the Frankel–Wei regression method, the study evaluates the war’s impact on the de facto exchange-rate arrangements of the Chinese yuan as an emerging regional currency, and of the Malaysian ringgit and the Singapore dollar as peripheral Asian currencies. The analysis relies on EViews 12 to estimate the implicit weights of major anchor currencies before and after the war. The empirical evidence indicates a decline in the implicit weight of the us dollar in the Yuan’s de facto exchange rate arrangement in the post-war period, even though it remains the dominant anchor currency, accompanied by a higher weight for the Japanese Yen. The regressions for the two Asian currencies further indicate that the Yuan has strengthened its role as a regional anchor for the Malaysian ringgit, with a more limited anchoring effect on the Singapore dollar. At the same time, the Japanese yen has gained importance, whereas the euro has lost relevance for both currencies. These findings suggest a gradual reshaping of the monetary hierarchy in Asia following the war .
The Algerian Startup At The Test Of Definition
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2025-12-31) Aoudia, Nassira
The enterprise has taken three major forms in Algeria: the state-owned enterprise (1962), the SME (2001) and the startup (2022). The latter introduced the "one diploma–one startup" mechanism, establishing a hyphen—both literally and metaphorically—between the academic world and the labor market. The aim of this article is to trace the shift from national enterprises toward startups by clarifying the defining criteria of each, with a particular focus on startups and their life-cycle dynamics, especially their temporary nature. The methodology is based on a systematic literature review of all 197 articles on startups published on the Algerian Scientific Journal Platform (ASJP) up to 25 November 2025. The findings are fourfold. First, we classified the literature according to seven criteria: theory (12.2%), structure (35%), culture (3.6%), institution (3%), reality check (21.8%), external view (21.4%) and outcome (3%). Second, the review highlights the lack of a unified startup definition, as the literature alternates between imported and Algerian legal definitions. Third, we distinguish between teleological mortality and premature mortality, with implications for public policy. Fourth, we suggest that the Algerian business landscape operates according to the “matryoshka” thesis, where its evolution reflects overlapping micro-models rather than a linear succession
Tactical Marketing Mix Driven By Digital Innovations For The Fifth Generation Of The Industrial Revolution
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2025-12-31) Guendouz ,Tarek
These research papers address an increasingly important topic: tactical marketing supported by digital computing innovations, particularly in the context of the fifth generation of industrial revolutions. The study concludes that decision-making and formulation of marketing mix strategies (new product development, smart pricing, integrated marketing communications, distribution channel management, and logistics) based on cyber-physical systems and disruptive algorithmic technologies, such as blockchain, cloud storage, quantum computing, and the symbiotic and semantic web. All the emerging revolutionary technologies lead to a competitive advantage based on hyper-personalization of the customer experience.
Surplus Distribution Policies In Takaful Insurance
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2025-12-31) Kholladi ,Imen Nour El-yakine; Dib ,Kamel
This study provides an analysis of the surplus distribution policies of the First Insurance Company in Jordan, within the framework of transparency, operational efficiency, and compliance with Islamic Sharia principles over the period 2015–2023. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative analytical methods, drawing on official financial data and annual reports, and develops a composite indicator the Takaful Efficiency Index (TEI to assess the company's ability to convert contributions into distributable surpluses. The findings reveal significant fluctuations in performance: while the company demonstrated relative effectiveness in surplus management between 2017 and 2021, a decline in the TEI was observed thereafter, despite continued growth in contributions. This suggests potential shifts in operational policies or rising technical costs. The study also identifies a transparency gap in the disclosure of surplus calculation and distribution mechanisms, limiting the ability to assess fairness and efficiency. Accordingly, the study recommends integrating performance indicators such as the TEI into decision-making processes, enhancing financial disclosure and governance practices, and refining surplus distribution models to align more closely with the social justice objectives of the Takaful system. These findings contribute to academic and professional discourse on Takaful efficiency and offer pathways for developing standardized tools for performance evaluation in this critical sector