دراسة المضادة لسكري لثمار النخيل النامية في ولاية بسكرة ( صنف : زقار مقار )

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the fruits of the Phoenix dactylifera L. palm tree, variety "Zoggar moggar", which is endemic to the Tolga region of Biskra province (southeast Algeria), in order to identify active plant compounds applicable in the pharmaceutical and food fields. Chemical analyses were conducted on the plant sample, including both qualitative and quantitative assessments of primary and secondary metabolites. The results revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, phenols, and flavonoids, with the latter quantified at 0.27±0.04 µg quercetin equivalent/g. Active constituents were further analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which led to the identification of two major compounds: vanillin and p-coumaric acid. The biological activity of the hydromethanolic extract was evaluated using four assays; antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), anti-hemolytic activity, and anti-inflammatory activity. The DPPH test yielded an IC50 value of 763.78±27.74 µg/mL, while the anti-inflammatory effect at a concentration of 500 µg/mL reached 61.69±1.32%. Regarding antidiabetic activity, two tests were performed; α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 11.55±1.08 µg/mL) and glucose uptake using yeast cells. For the in vivo investigations, diabetes was induced in laboratory rats using alloxan (150 mg/kg). The animals were divided into groups treated with either the fruit powder, the fruit extract, and acarbose, in addition to two control groups (healthy and untreated diabetic rats). The results demonstrated a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in the groups treated with date fruit (1.57±0.36 g/L) compared to untreated diabetic rats (4.10±0.62 g/L). Improvements were also observed in hematological parameters such as red blood cell count (7.33±0.20 ×10¹² /L), white blood cell count (7.40±0.85 ×10⁹ /L), and anemia-related indicators. Biochemical analyses showed improvement in liver enzymes (TGO = 56.48±0.76 IU/L, TGP = 24.20 IU/L) and a decrease in urea levels (0.24±0.65 g/L). Histological analyses revealed noticeable structural improvements in the studied tissues. This study highlights the biological and therapeutic potential of "Zoggar moggar" date fruits, offering promising prospects for their use as a natural source of active compounds. These findings support their development into functional food supplements or pharmaceutical formulations that combine efficacy, safety, and alignment with local plant biodiversity.