In Vitro Study on the Biological Activities of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Zn-O nanoparticles, Essential Oil and Hydroethanolic Extract.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of Ammodaucus leucotrichus through the analysis of its essential oil, plant extract, and nanoparticles, with a particular focus on the role of flavonoids in biological activities. The evaluations included antioxidant activity, antibacterial effect, anti-inflammatory properties, tyrosinase enzyme inhibition, and flavonoid quantification. The ethanolic extract showed strong antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, with of an IC₅₀ value of approximately 30 µg/mL. It also demonstrated a significant ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation (SPF =22.5), indicating potential use in sunscreen formulations. In antibacterial assessments, the nanoparticles exhibited higher efficacy compared to the conventional extract, with inhibition zones ranging from 9–13 mm against Gram-negative bacteria. The nanoparticles also showed anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of the reference drug. Regarding tyrosinase inhibition, the extract recorded the highest inhibition rate of 45% at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. The results indicate that the essential oil, hydro-ethanolic extract, and nanoparticles of Ammodaucus leucotichus all show significant biological potential in these areas, opening wide opportunities for further in vivo and clinical studies to confirm their safety and effectiveness for future therapeutic use