اللسانيات الجنائية: تأسيسها وتطورها و مجالاتها: دراسة نظرية

Abstract

تتناول هذه الدراسة اللسانيات الجنائية بوصفها أحد فروع اللسانيات التطبيقية التي تهتم بالعلاقة بين اللغة والقانون، وتهدف إلى إبراز دورها في خدمة المنظومة القضائية من خلال توظيف التحليل اللغوي في التحقيقات الجنائية. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، من أجل التعرف على تأسيس هذا المجال وتطوره وعلاقته بالعلوم الأخرى، ولا سيما القانون وتحليل الخطاب وعلم النفس اللغوي. This study examines forensic linguistics as a branch of applied linguistics concerned with the relationship between language and law, highlighting its role in supporting the judicial system through the use of linguistic analysis in criminal investigations. The study adopts the descriptive-analytical method to explore the emergence and development of forensic linguistics and its relationship with other disciplines, particularly law, discourse analysis, and psycholinguistics. The findings reveal that forensic linguistics plays a significant role in supporting criminal investigations and judicial proceedings through the analysis of legal discourse, witness statements, confessions, threatening and extortion messages, and the identification of speakers or writers based on the linguistic and stylistic features of texts, as well as the examination of digital evidence related to cybercrime. The study concludes that forensic linguistics constitutes an effective scientific tool for uncovering facts and promoting justice, emphasizing the need to advance research in this field and strengthen the application of its methods within contemporary legal and judicial institutions.