Development of Bio-Derm Triple-Action: A Natural Formulation Combining Sun Protection, Skin Tone Enhancement, and Radiance — Study and Development

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and scientifically evaluate a multifunctional cosmetic formulation named BIO NOFA, based on a synergistic composition of niacinamide, zinc oxide, and Moringa oleifera seed oil, in order to investigate its antioxidant, ultraviolet-protective, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties, in addition to assessing its biological safety. The physicochemical properties of the formulation were evaluated. The yield of Moringa oleifera seed oil was 38.97%, while the yield of the niacinamide–zinc oxide mixture was 11%. The formulation exhibited a pH ranging from 5 to 5.5, which is suitable for skin applications and supports its compatibility for cosmetic use. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the FRAP assay, and the results demonstrated a considerable reducing capacity, reflecting the presence of biologically active compounds with free radical scavenging properties. These findings are consistent with the scientific literature highlighting the role of phytochemical compounds in enhancing antioxidant protection. The sun protection factor (SPF) was evaluated using an in vitro method, yielding a value of 57.97, indicating a high capacity to absorb or scatter ultraviolet radiation, particularly due to the presence of zinc oxide, a well-known photoprotective agent. The formulation also exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. The MIC and MBC values ranged between 20 and 40 mg/mL, with the highest sensitivity observed for Staphylococcus aureus (20 mg/mL). In most cases, MIC and MBC values were identical (MBC/MIC = 1), confirming both inhibitory and bactericidal effects. In addition, the formulation demonstrated a notable ability to inhibit biofilm formation, highlighting its potential in preventing microbial adhesion. The toxicity test using Artemia salina indicated an acceptable level of biological safety, supporting its biocompatibility for topical application. Overall, the results suggest that BIO NOFA represents a promising multifunctional cosmetic formulation combining antioxidant activity, photoprotective capacity, and antimicrobial effects, with an acceptable safety profile, supporting its potential development and application in advanced skincare formulations. -