Exploring the synergistic bioactivity of camaelo camaelon and bunium mauritanicumi A step toward novel Etho pharmacological Therapie

Abstract

This study aims to explore and evaluate the synergistic biological activity of both the chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) and the plant Bunium mauritanicum, through the use of three types of extracts: Bunium mauritanicum tuber extract (BME), chameleon extract (CCE), and their combined extract (CCBME). The aqueous extracts were obtained using a Soxhlet apparatus, where the extraction yields for BME, CCE, and CCBME were recorded as (16%), (21%), and (19.5%), respectively. The obtained results showed that the combined extract (CCBME) exhibited the highest activity with an IC50 = 12.73 ± 0.16 µg/mL in terms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, compared to the individual extracts. In contrast, the Bunium mauritanicum extract (BME) showed moderate activity with IC50 = 28.66 ± 0.06 µg/mL, while the chameleon extract (CCE) was the least effective with an IC50 value of 45.67 ± 0.07 µg/mL among all the studied extracts. All tested extracts demonstrated lower activity compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 value 2.43 ± 0.05 µg/mL), which was used as a reference compound. these results indicate that the combined formulation (CCBME) exhibits higher biological activity than the individual extracts, supporting the hypothesis that combining extracts with different biological properties can enhance biological effectiveness due to the synergistic interaction between active compounds.