The Chemical Composition, In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Studies of Extract of the Pelargonium graveolens plant found in the Eloued region

Abstract

Pelargonium graveolensis a medicinal plant with notable pharmacological potential. This study evaluates the antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and organ￾protective activities of its methanolic leaf extract using experimental and computational ap￾proaches. The extraction yield was 15.576%, and LC–MS analysis revealed a rich profile of bioactive compounds including rutin, quercetin derivatives, luteolin, curcumin, and phenolic acids. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), significant α- amylase inhibition (>80%), and notable anti-inflammatory effects, while showing acceptable hemocompatibility at lower concentrations. Moderate antibacterial activity was observed against E. coli and S. aureus. In vivo studies demonstrated significant reductions in blood glu￾cose and HbA1c, improved liver enzyme profiles, and histological protection of liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding of rutin and curcumin to key targets (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and COX-2), supported by favorable ADMET prop￾erties and good safety profiles. Overall, the findings indicate that Pelargonium graveolens possesses multi-target therapeutic potential against diabetes and oxidative stress-related dis￾orders.